Introduction: Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) and Vitamin D have both demonstrated significant potential in combating microbial infections, particularly in the oral environment. Cranberry is known for its bioactive compounds, such as proanthocyanidins, flavonoids and organic acids, which exhibit antibacterial properties, while Vitamin D plays a crucial role in bone metabolism and immune response. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of dental implants coated with cranberry extract and Vitamin D to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation and improve osseointegration. 

Materials and Methods: Titanium dental implants were coated with a cranberry hydrogel solution containing Vitamin D. The process involved surface preparation, dip coating and curing of the implants. Sub-gingival plaque samples were collected from patients with peri-implantitis for microbial analysis. In vitro biofilm formation was assessed on both coated and uncoated implants, followed by a colony reduction ability assessment where biofilm from the implant surfaces was dislodged and cultured to quantify bacterial colony-forming units (CFUs). 

Results: The results indicated a significant reduction in bacterial colonies in the test group (coated implants) compared to the control group (uncoated implants). The cranberry/Vitamin D coating effectively inhibited the growth of black-pigmented microbes. The test group showed a notable decrease in CFU count, confirming the antimicrobial properties of the coating. 

Conclusion: Cranberry and Vitamin D-coated dental implants exhibit significant antimicrobial activity, reducing bacterial colonisation and promoting better clinical outcomes in terms of infection control and bone healing. The use of natural bioactive compounds on implant surfaces represents a viable option to enhance the success rate of dental implants. However, further clinical trials are needed to validate long-term efficacy.